What are the risks of weight loss surgery?

Gastric sleeve surgery involves surgically reducing the size of the stomach, which can lead to significant weight loss by limiting food intake and altering digestion. While these procedures can lead to improved health and a better quality of life, it’s essential to understand the risks involved. 

Over the last 20 years, we have found that weight loss surgery has become increasingly safe. When you look at the diseases that most patients live with such as diabetes, heart disease, renal problems, and sleep apnea, it’s by far safer now to have surgery than to live with these medical problems.

General Risks Associated With Weight Loss Surgery

Like any surgery, bariatric surgery carries both immediate and long-term risks. Here are some, but not all, potential risks:

• Bleeding: Hemorrhage can happen either inside the abdomen or within the stomach, with an occurrence rate of about 6%.
• Infection: As with any surgical procedure, infections can develop post-surgery.
• Blood Clots: There is an increased risk of blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis), which can travel to the lungs.
• Leaks: Leaks may occur at the staple line in the stomach, potentially leading to severe infections.
• Gallbladder Problems: Rapid weight loss can lead to gallstones in some patients.
• Lung Problems: Conditions like atelectasis, or partial lung collapse, are possible after surgery.
• Dehiscence:  If the stitched or stapled areas of the incision separate, it can lead to complications such as infection or delayed healing.
• Anesthesia Complications: Issues related to anesthesia and medications can also arise during and after surgery.
• Pulmonary problems: There is a risk of heart complications, including heart attacks.
• Bowel Blockage: Blockages in the intestines can occur, requiring further treatment.
• Poor Wound Healing: Some patients may experience issues with healing after the surgery.

Specific Risks With Gastric Sleeve Surgery

Sleeve gastrectomy, one of the most common weight loss surgeries, has unique risks, including:

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): This surgery can increase the risk of reflux or worsen pre-existing conditions.
• Stricture: Some patients may develop a narrowing of the stomach sleeve, affecting food passage.

Potential Long-Term Complications

Long-term complications can arise after weight loss surgery, including:

• Nutrient Deficiencies: Patients may need ongoing monitoring and supplements to prevent deficiencies in vitamins and minerals.
• Weight Regain: Weight gain is possible if patients do not follow their healthcare provider's recommendations.

Can These Risks Lead to Serious Outcomes?

While most complications can be managed, some can lead to serious health issues, including:

• Death: Though rare, it’s important to acknowledge that any surgical procedure carries this risk.
• Spleen Injury: Accidental injury to the spleen during surgery can occur, requiring further intervention.

Weight loss surgery can be life-changing for many, leading to significant health improvements. However, it’s vital to understand the risks involved and to work closely with your healthcare team to ensure the best possible outcomes. If you have further questions or concerns, schedule an appointment with Iowa Weight Loss Specialists for more personalized information and support.